汉语中的“黑市”一词好像是在抗日战争期间出现的。这个词到了解放初盛极而衰,不怎么用了。由于“四人帮”作恶,“黑市”又随黑市而复活了。英语学习者大都知道:“黑市”即"black
market"。
“黑市”是针对“正式市场”、“官方市场”而言的。但由于“黑市”之使用达到一定的频率,就需要一个同“黑市”相应的通俗语来称呼长达四音节的“正式市场”。于是汉语和英语中就不约而同地出现了“白市”和“white
market"这样的词。下列中,“white
market"就是同"black
market"相对而言的:
-
The/U.S.
gas/white
market could ease rigidities in the system and help fend off
black markets...
---
Newsweek, February 3, 1975,
p.28
-
Last
week the Administration disclosed the details of its
proposed emergency rationing plan. Each registered vehicle
would be limited to a fixed number of gallons per week, and
any driver who did not use his quota could sell his ration
coupons on a "white market"...
---
Time, December 17,
May 1980
正如有了“开门”和“关门”之后出现了“半开门”这个词一样,按理在有了“黑市”和“白市”之后也该来了“灰市”才好。应该承认,在这一点上,英语确实要比汉语发展得快——汉语尚无“灰市”一词,而英语中的"gray
market"却早已出现了。
-
The
only unfaked enthusiasm/of
the Russians/is
for Western rock tapes, obtained On the gray market…
---
Harpers, March 1976.
严格地说,黑市、白市的分界线在于是否合法。既然非法市场与合法市场互为反义,而黑白亦互为反义;那么比照以“黑市”称非法市场,当然要以“白市”称合法市场了。可见,从“black
market”white
market”gray
market”的发展,也是类比构词法(word
formation by analogy)的一个实例。
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